FREEDOM FIGHTER A Person Who Participation In Revolution For Peoples Without selfishness Is Called Freedom Fighter...
Click Here To Watch Mahatma Gandhi Biography
His Full Name is Mohandas Karamchand Gandhi (1869-1948). He Was Preeminent Leader At The Moment Of British-Ruled India. Gandhi was Famous On Dandi Salt March in 1930, and After British People calling for to Quit India in 1942. He was imprisoned for many years, upon many occasions, in both South Africa and India. He takes only vegetarian food, and also He Maintain long fasts.
'As the best educated of his brothers, Gandhi was seen by his family as the best candidate to one day succeed his father and his uncle Tulsidas as diwan.Mavji Dave and Brahmin priest are family friends, advised Gandhi and his family that he should qualify as a barrister in London, after which he would be certain to achieve the diwanship.Gandhi's uncle Tulsidas also tried to dissuade his nephew. And finally, Gandhi made a vow to his mother in the presence of a Jain monk to observe the precepts of sexual abstinence along abstinence from meat and alcohol, after which Putlibai gave her permission and blessing.In July, Kasturba gave birth to the couple's first surviving son, Harilal.
August 10, Gandhi left Porbandar for Bombay. Upon arrival in the port, he was met the head of the Modh Bania community, who had known Gandhi's family. Having learned of Gandhi's plans, he and other elders warned Gandhi that he would be banished if he did not obey their wishes and remain in India. After Gandhi reiterated his intentions to leave for England, the elders declared him an outcrier.
In London, Gandhi studied law and jurisprudence and enrolled at the Inner Temple with the intention of becoming a barrister. His time in London was influenced by the vow he had made to his mother. Gandhi tried to receive to "English" customs, including taking dancing lessons. However, he could not appreciate the bland vegetarian food offered by his landlady and was frequently hungry until he found one of London's few vegetarian restaurants. Influenced by Henry Salt's writing, he joined the Vegetarian Society, was elected to its executive committee,and started a local Bayswater chapter. Some of the vegetarians he met were members of the Theosophical Society, which had been founded in 1875 to further universal brotherhood, and which was devoted to the study of Buddhist and Hindu literature. They encouraged Gandhi to join them in reading the Bhagavad Gita both in translation as well as in the original. Not having shown interest in religion before, he became interested in religious thought.
In April 1918, during the latter part of World War I, the Viceroy invited Gandhi to a War Conference in Delhi.Perhaps to show his support for the Empire and help his case for India's independence,Gandhi agreed to actively recruit Indians for the war effort.In contrast to the Zulu War of 1906 and the outbreak of World War I in 1914, when he recruited volunteers for the Ambulance Corps, this time Gandhi attempted to recruit combatants. In a June 1918 leaflet entitled "Appeal for Enlistment", Gandhi wrote "To bring about such a state of things we should have the ability to defend ourselves, that is, the ability to bear arms and to use them...If we want to learn the use of arms with the greatest possible despatch, it is our duty to enlist ourselves in the army."He did, however, stipulate in a letter to the Viceroy's private secretary that he "personally will not kill or injure anybody, friend or foe."
Gandhi's war recruitment campaign brought into question his consistency on nonviolence. Gandhi's private secretary noted that "The question of the consistency between his creed of 'Ahimsa' (nonviolence) and his recruiting campaign was raised not only then but has been discussed ever since
In 1919, Gandhi, with his weak position in Congress, decided to broaden his political base by increasing his appeal to Muslims.The opportunity came in the form of the Khilafat movement, a worldwide protest by Muslims against the collapsing status of the Caliph, the leader of their religion.The Ottoman Empire had lost the First World War and was dismembered, as Muslims feared for the safety of the holy places and the prestige of their religion.Although Gandhi did not originate the All-India Muslim Conference,which directed the movement in India, he soon became its most prominent spokesman and attracted a strong base of Muslim support with local chapters in all Muslim centres in India.As a mark of solidarity with Indian Muslims he returned the medals that had been bestowed on him by the British government for his work in the Boer and Zulu Wars. He believed that the British government was not being honest in its dealings with Muslims on the Khilafat issue. His success made him India's first national leader with a multicultural base and facilitated his rise to power within Congress, which had previously been unable to influence many Indian Muslims. In 1920 Gandhi became a major leader in Congress.By the end of 1922 the Khilafat movement had collapsed.
Gandhi always fought against "communalism", which pitted Muslims against Hindus in Indian politics, but he could not reverse the rapid growth of communalism after 1922. Deadly religious riots broke out in numerous cities, including 91 in Uttar Pradesh alone.At the leadership level, the proportion of Muslims among delegates to Congress fell sharply, from 11% in 1921 to under 4% in 1923.
In 1934 Gandhi resigned from Congress party membership.He did not disagree with the party's position but felt that if he resigned, his popularity with Indians would cease to stifle the party's membership,which actually varied, including communists, socialists, trade unionists, students, religious conservatives, and those with pro-business convictions, and that these various voices would get a chance to make themselves heard.Gandhi also wanted to avoid being a target for Raj propaganda by leading a party that had temporarily accepted political accommodation with the Raj.
Gandhi returned to active politics again in 1936,with the Nehru presidency and the Lucknow session of the Congress. Although Gandhi wanted a total focus on the task of winning independence and not speculation about India's future,he did not restrain the Congress from adopting socialism as its goal. Gandhi had a clash with Subhas Chandra Bose, who had been elected president in 1938, and who had previously expressed a lack of faith in nonviolence as a means of protest. Despite Gandhi's opposition, Bose won a second term as Congress President, against Gandhi's nominee,Dr. Pattabhi Sitaramayya; but left the Congress when the All-India leaders resigned en masse in protest of his abandonment of the principles introduced by Gandhi.Gandhi declared that Sitaramayya's defeat was his defeat.
Stephen Hay argues that Gandhi looked into numerous religious and intellectual currents during his stay in London .He especially appreciated how the theosophical movement encouraged a religious eclecticism and an antipathy to atheism.Hay says the vegetarian movement had the greatest impact for it was Gandhi's point of entry into other reformist agendas of the time.The idea of vegetarianism is deeply ingrained in Hindu and Jain traditions in India, especially in his native Gujarat.Gandhi was close to the chairman of the London Vegetarian Society, Dr. Josiah Oldfield, and corresponded with Henry Stephens Salt, a vegetarian campaigner. Gandhi became a strict vegetarian. He wrote the book The Moral Basis of Vegetarianism and wrote for the London Vegetarian Society's publication.Gandhi was somewhat of a food faddist taking his own goat to travels so he could always have fresh milk.
Gandhi noted in The Story of My Experiments with Truth, that vegetarianism was the beginning of his deep commitment to Brahmacharya;without total control of the palate, his success in following Brahmacharya would likely falter. "You wish to know what the marks of a man are who wants to realise Truth which is God",he wrote. "He must reduce himself to zero and have perfect control over all his senses-beginning with the palate or tongue."Gandhi also stated that he followed a fruitarian diet for five years but discontinued it due to pleurisy and pressure from his doctor.He thereafter resumed a vegetarian diet.
Gandhi also opposed vivisection: "Vivisection in my opinion is the blackest of all the blackest crimes that man is at present committing against god and his fair creation."
Gandhi's Memorable Quotes
1) ON LIFE
"My Life Is My Message".
2) ON BEING A SOLDIER
"I Regard My Self As a Soldier,Through a Soldier Of Peace ".
3)ON FAITH IN HUMANITY
"You Must Not Lose Faith in Humanity.Humanity Is An Ocean: If a Few Drops Of The Ocean Are Dirty,The Ocean Does Not Become Dirty".
4)ON NONVIOLENCE
"Nonviolence Is The First Article Of My Faith.It Is Also The Last Article Of My Creed"
5)ON THE SEVEN SINS
"Seven Social Sins:Politics Without Principles,Wealth Without Work.Pleasure Without Conscience,Knowledge Without Character,Commerce Without Morality,Science Without Humanity, And Worship Without sacrifice".
6)ON TRUTH
"An error does not become truth by reason of multiplied propagation,nor does truth become error because nobody sees it.truth stands,even if there be no public support.it is self sustained."
7)ON THE "STILL SMALL VOICE"
"The only tyrant i accept in this world is the 'still small voice' within me.and even though i have to face the prospect of being a minority of one,I humbly believe i have the courage to be in such a hopeless minority."
8)ON LIBERTY
"I'm a lover of my own liberty,and so i would do nothing to restrict yours."
9)ON FORGIVENESS
"The weak can never forgive. Forgiveness is the attribute of the strong."
10)ON THE NATURE OF MAN
"A man is but the product of his thoughts.What he thinks, he becomes."
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